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Hyperpigmentation and Dark Spots

Hyperpigmentation and Dark Spots

Hyperpigmentation doesn’t fade overnight. Dark spots, especially acne scars, can be stubborn and may even worsen without daily SPF. Fortunately, there are many ingredients beyond vitamin C that can help treat—and even reverse—uneven skin tone.


“Hyper” means “more,” while “pigmentation” refers to the melanin that gives skin its color. Hyperpigmentation occurs when melanocytes in the skin produce excess melanin. This overproduction can be triggered by hormonal changes (such as during pregnancy), sun exposure, acne, or the use of harsh cosmetics and chemicals.

Certain chemotherapy drugs may also cause hyperpigmentation as a side effect. Additionally, a rare endocrine disorder called Addison’s disease can lead to noticeable hyperpigmentation, especially on sun-exposed areas like the face, neck, and hands, as well as on areas that experience friction, such as the elbows and knees.


Hyperpigmentation is a serious concern that requires careful treatment, but it’s important to understand a few key points first:

People with darker skin tones are naturally more prone to developing dark spots. This is because their skin already produces more melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. When hormones or skin trauma trigger an increase in melanin production, it can lead to hyperpigmentation more easily.

Treating dark spots in deeper skin tones can also be more challenging. It’s essential to use gentle approaches to avoid irritation or inflammation, which can lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and worsen the problem.



THE FITZPATRICK SKIN TYPE SCALE

The Fitzpatrick Skin Type Scale

Fitzpatrick Scale Reference

Those with lighter skin tones have fewer limitations when it comes to treatments for hyperpigmentation, as their risk of overproducing melanin is significantly less. Lighter skin tones, however, are more likely to form dark spots as a result of sun damage.


Hyperpigmentation Example


1. Sunspots - are flat, dark spots caused by sun exposure and also referred to as lentigines, age spots, or liver spots. They are commonly seen on the face, chest, and hands and are associated with increasing age (increased sun exposure with time).



A combination of laser, chemical peels, and topical skin care products are used in the treatment. The best way to treat this type of hyperpigmentation is to prevent it with a mix of sun protection and topical skincare treatments including sunscreen, antioxidants, and retinoid.

Once sun damage and sunspots have occurred, we may treat it using antioxidants and retinoids such as which exfoliate the skin, even skin tone, reduce fine lines and produce collagen. Finally, in patients with particularly bad photoaging and hyperpigmentation, we may elect to treat with a chemical peel, IPL (intense pulsed light), or fractionated lasers.


2. Melasma - is a prevalent skin disorder that affects more women than males and is linked to sun exposure, the use of oral contraceptives, and pregnancy (mask of pregnancy). Melasma appears on the cheekbones, forehead, bridge of the nose, upper lip, and chin as uneven brown patches.



The gold standard treatment for melasma is hydroquinone. However, long-term hydroquinone use is not recommended. Over-the-counter products such as those containing ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and retinol which are less irritating forms of tretinoin also help with melasma. Finally, chemical peels such as glycolic acid peels and low energy, low-density laser treatments help treat melasma through exfoliation of the pigment-containing skin cells.


3. Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) - is a transitory pigmentation (most cases heal within 2-6 months) that occurs as a result of the skin's response to a trauma, such as infection, acne, waxing, chemical peels, or laser treatment.

While it normally resolves on its own, we can speed up the process by employing topical skin treatments including hydroquinone, tretinoin, corticosteroid creams, glycolic acid peels, or mild laser resurfacing. When PIH occurs, it is critical to limit sun exposure because sunlight can aggravate the pigmentation.



Here are some products that will help with treating or preventing Hyperpigmentation:


CLEANSERS
Gentle Cleanser on white background
72
ProDerm
Gentle Cleanser

C$52.00

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Benefit Clean on white background
16
CosMedix
Benefit Clean

C$60.00

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Gentle Cream Cleanser on white background
AFA
Gentle Cream Cleanser

C$84.00

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2 in 1 Cleansing Foam on white background
Dr Grandel
2 in 1 Cleansing Foam

C$66.00

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Mild Cream Cleanser on white background
3
Glytone
Mild Cream Cleanser

C$50.00
C$37.50

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Alpha Beta AHA/BHA Daily Cleansing Gel on white background
4
Dr Dennis Gross
Alpha Beta AHA/BHA Daily Cleansing Gel

C$53.00

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Warming Honey Cleanser on white background
15
iS Clinical
Warming Honey Cleanser

C$69.00

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Clear Up Cleansing Gel on white background
12
Dr Renaud
Clear Up Cleansing Gel

C$44.00

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TONERS
Lotion Yon-ka - Invigorating Mist (Dry skin) on white background
2 Sizes
57
Yonka
Invigorating Mist (Dry Skin)

C$26.00 to C$75.00

Stabilizing Lotion pH Balancing on white background
19
Physiodermie
Stabilizing Lotion pH Balancing

C$53.99

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Acne Remedies Fruit Acid Tonic on white background
2 Sizes
5
Rhonda Allison
Acne Remedies Fruit Acid Tonic

C$25.00 to C$70.00

Comfort Lotion on white background
7
Sothys
Comfort Lotion

C$50.50

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Tonic on white background
Diego dalla Palma Professional
Tonic

C$59.00

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HydraCalm Hydrating and Soothing Toning Lotion on white background
14
Dr Renaud
HydraCalm Hydrating and Soothing Toning Lotion

C$62.00

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Bioclear Face Lotion on white background
35
Marini Skin Solutions
Bioclear Face Lotion

C$144.00

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Refreshing Toner on white background
19
VivierSkin
Refreshing Toner

C$61.00

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Bio Repair Special Toner on white background
HL
Bio Repair Special Toner

C$60.00

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Lotion Yon-ka - Invigorating Mist (Normal to Oily) on white background
2 Sizes
36
Yonka
Invigorating Mist (Normal to Oily)

C$26.00 to C$75.00

EXFOLIATOR
Illuminating Enzymatic Peel on white background
1
VivierSkin
Illuminating Enzymatic Peel

C$126.00

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Micro-Peeling Water Essence on white background
Thalgo
Micro-Peeling Water Essence

C$72.50

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Exfoliation Accelerator on white background
7
ZO Skin Health
Exfoliation Accelerator

C$115.00

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AHA + Rapid Exfoliator on white background
2
Shunly
AHA + Rapid Exfoliator

C$97.00
C$72.75

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Gentle Exfoliating Gel on white background
2
Avene
Gentle Exfoliating Gel

C$39.00
C$31.20

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Pumpkin Enzyme Scrub on white background
1
Glo Skin Beauty
Pumpkin Enzyme Scrub

C$67.00

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Golden Grain Gommage on white background
2
Arcona
Golden Grain Gommage

C$78.00

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Papaya Enzyme Peel on white background
8
Elemis
Papaya Enzyme Peel

C$76.00

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TREATMENT
Arctigenin Brightening Treatment on white background
1
Epicutis
Arctigenin Brightening Treatment

C$250.00

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A-Luminate Brightening Serum on white background
6
Alastin
A-Luminate Brightening Serum

C$240.00

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Enhance Brightening Solution on white background
6
Glytone
Enhance Brightening Solution

C$60.00

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Enhance Brightening Serum on white background
7
Glytone
Enhance Brightening Serum

C$111.00

ADD TO CART
Serum N.4 - Anti-spots and Lightener on white background
4
Codage Paris
Serum N.4 - Anti-spots and Lightener

C$160.00

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Enhance Brightening Complex on white background
20
Glytone
Enhance Brightening Complex

C$115.00

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MOISTURIZER
BHA Spot Treatment on white background
Dermaquest
BHA Spot Treatment

C$40.00

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Brightening Gel on white background
2
AFA
Brightening Gel

C$135.00

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Age-Defying HA+ Smoothing Hydra Cream on white background
Glytone
Age-Defying HA+ Smoothing Hydra Cream

C$115.00

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Hydrate on white background
3
Obagi
Hydrate

C$80.00

ADD TO CART
Enhance Brightening Serum on white background
7
Glytone
Enhance Brightening Serum

C$111.00

ADD TO CART
Serum N.4 - Anti-spots and Lightener on white background
4
Codage Paris
Serum N.4 - Anti-spots and Lightener

C$160.00

ADD TO CART
SUNSCREENS
UV Clear Broad-Spectrum SPF 46 on white background
197
EltaMD
UV Clear Broad-Spectrum SPF 46

C$85.10

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UV Daily Broad-Spectrum SPF 40 on white background
2 Tint
95
EltaMD
UV Daily Broad-Spectrum SPF 40

C$83.96

UV Physical Broad Spectrum SPF 41 - Lightly Tinted on white background
119
EltaMD
UV Physical Broad Spectrum SPF 41 - Lightly Tinted

C$87.40

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Gentle Mineral Sunscreen SPF 50+ on white background
25
TiZO
Gentle Mineral Sunscreen SPF 50+

C$66.00

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UV Daily Hydration+ SPF 50 on white background
3
EltaMD
UV Daily Hydration+ SPF 50

C$60.75

ADD TO CART
UV Restore Broad-Spectrum SPF 40 on white background
2 Tint
EltaMD
UV Restore Broad-Spectrum SPF 40

C$64.00 to C$66.00

UV AOX Elements Broad-Spectrum SPF 50 - Tinted on white background
EltaMD
UV AOX Elements Broad-Spectrum SPF 50 - Tinted

C$61.00

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Physical Fusion UV Defense SPF 50 on white background
101
SkinCeuticals
Physical Fusion UV Defense SPF 50

C$68.00

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Mineral Perfection SPF 30 on white background
3
Derma Bella
Mineral Perfection SPF 30

C$28.00

ADD TO CART
UV Sport Broad-Spectrum SPF 50 on white background
2 Sizes
22
EltaMD
UV Sport Broad-Spectrum SPF 50

C$75.90 to C$81.00

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